腹腔可触及肿物的超声鉴别（二）

Miscellaneous Lesions 其他病变.. Urachal Cyst 褶尿管病变A urachal cyst may be seen in between the umbilicus and the bladder. It is usually situated in the lower third of the urachus but can be seen just inferior to the umbilicus. These cysts may appear totally anechoic or may reveal low-level internal echoes (Figure 11 )褶尿管病变见于褶和食道两者之间，通常地三处褶尿管的下1/3 ，但也可见于仅地三处褶下。这些病变可展现为完全无回波或低回波。

Figure 11. A, Urachal cyst. The cyst is infected and contains faintly echogenic fluid. B, Urachal cyst. The anterior wall of the tense cyst produces reverberation artifacts. 上图11A，褶尿管病变，此病变已受感染，内部掺入微弱回波的液体。B，褶尿管病变，不稳的病变前壁产生太阳光伪影。

..Endometriosis乳腺增生癌变Endometriosis of the abdominal wall may occur as a long-term complication of uterine surgery. It has no specific appearance but is seen as a focal mass at the scar of previous surgery with attacks of cyclic pain and swelling (Figure 12 ).外周乳腺增生癌变是乳腺切除后的一直合并症，无相同展现，但可于以前切除的瘢痕三处见一均匀分布肿物，并有交替的咳嗽和腹痛。

Figure 12. Endometriosis in a cesarean delivery scar. 上图12 ，剖宫产伤疤三处乳腺增生癌变

...Abdominal Wall Hematoma 外周血肿A rectus sheath hematoma may develop after paroxysms of coughing or sneezing or after seizures. The underlying cause is usually either anticoagulant therapy or some bleeding disorder. Because these hematomas are limited within the rectus sheath, they are not very big. Their shape depends on their location. Above the arcuate line, they are usually ovoid in shape with the long axis superoinferior and are seen on one side (Figure 13A ). Below the arcuate line, because of the absence of the linea alba, they can extend across the midline. Then the hematoma may be seen as a padlike lesion with its maximum length along the transverse axis.21–23 In one neonate, an abdominal wall hematoma was seen to spread transversely in the supraumbilical region (Figure 13, B and C ). In patients with post surgical disseminated intrascular coagulation, large hematomas are seen in the abdominal wall in the vicinity of the surgical scar (Figure 13D ).腹直肌鞘血肿可揭开序幕中都风普遍性气喘后、咳嗽或癫痫中都风后，其根本原因通常是抗凝疗程或出血普遍性病症。由于血肿受限制于腹直肌鞘内，通常不很大，其形状根据所三处一段距离而定，在弓状该线以上，血肿则有淡黄色，角速度呈上下方向，可于一侧想起（上图13A）；在弓状该线以下，由于腹白该线缺如，可引入直扑中都该线，因此血肿展现为分叶状，其最小长度地三处水平该线上。在早产外周血肿可见于褶上横向引入（上图13B、C）。术后辐射普遍性血管内凝血的病患可于外周切除瘢痕周边地区想起大的血肿（上图13D）。

Figure 13. A, Rectus sheath hematoma in an elderly woman after severe cough. Arrows point to the fascia transversalis. B, Abdominal wall hematoma in a neonate. C, Abdominal wall hematoma overlying umbilical vein insertion in a neonate. UV indicates umbilical vein. D, Abdominal wall hematoma in a cesarean delivery scar in a patient with disseminated intrascular coagulation. 上图13A，一中都年妇女剧烈气喘后腹直肌鞘血肿，箭头通知腹横筋膜。B，早产外周血肿。C，一早产褶血管附着三处上面的外周血肿。UV，褶血管。D，一辐射普遍性血管内凝血的剖宫产术后病患疤痕三处外周血肿。

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